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Abu Madyan (1126–1198), also known as Abu Madyan Shu'ayb Al-Ghawth, or Abū Madyan, or ''Sidi'' Bou-Mediene, or ''Sidi'' Abu Madyan Shuayb ibn al-Hussein al-Ansari, was an influential Andalusian mystic and a great Sufi master. Some even refer to him as the national figure of Maghreb mysticism as he was such a forerunner of Sufism in this geographical area. Devoted to the fervent service of God, he helped introduce looking into oneself and harmonizing internal occurrences with the external observances through asceticism.〔 . ''El Moudjahid'' (Algiers). 16 April 2011.〕 == Life == Abu Madyan was born in Cantillana ((アラビア語:قطنيانة)), a small town about 35 km away from Seville, in 1126. He came from an obscure family and his parents were poor. As he grew up, he learned the trade of a weaver as it was a popular practice at the time. As a young adult, Madyan moved to Marrakech where he joined a group of Andalusian soldiers and worked as a guard for the city. His insatiable hunger for knowledge, however, piqued his interest in the Qur'an and the study of religion and mysticism. Soon after, Abu Madyan traveled to Fes to complete his education. He left for Fes at about the end of the Almoravid empire or at the beginning of the founding of the Almohad power. There, he studied under Abu Ya’azza al-Hazmiri, ‘Ali Hirzihim, and al-Dakkak. It was al-Dakkak that provided him with the ''khirka'', the cloak passed from Master to student in the study of Sufism. During his time studying in Fes, Madyan became entrenched within the readings of Al-Ghazali, who was one of the most prominent, if not the most prominent theologian, philosopher, and mystic of Sunni Islam and was even regarded as one of the renewers of the religion. Abu Madyan was particularly fascinated with mysticism by Sidi Ali Ibn Harazem. They fasted and prayer together in a continuous fashion as the ideal Sufi, practicing very strict asceticism. Abu Madyan, who'd come from a poor background, didn't have a hard time distancing himself from such pleasures. Because of his strict practices, he reaches the rank of Kutb and Ghuth. After several years in Fez, Abu Madyan went to Mecca where he met the great Muslim saint, Jilani, and completed his mystic studies under him. Later he went to the town of Béjaïa where he practiced very strict asceticism and acquired an honorable reputation for his knowledge. People would come far to both listen to his public lectures and consult him on certain manners. People believed he could even perform miracles. His beliefs were in opposition to the Almohade doctors of that town. The Almohades were disturbed at his increasing reputation and wanted to get rid of him. Eventually, Madyan settled in the town of Béjaïa where he established a mosque-school (''zawiya''). The sheer amount of fame and influence that Abu Madyan evoked raised serious concern from the political powers of the time. The Almohad Caliph Ya’qub al-Mansur summoned Madyan to Marrakech for this reason so he could talk to Madyan himself. Upon his summoning to Marrakech, Abu Madyan was taken ill and died before he reached his destination in 594/1198, near the river of Ysser (). His last sigh was supposedly "Allah al-Hakk." He was buried in al-‘Ubbad near Tlemcen, Algeria. His funeral was widely commemorated by the people of Tlemcen and he has been considered the patron saint and protector of Tlemcen ever since. A mausoleum was built by the order of the Almohade sovereign, Muhammad al-Nasir, too shortly after his death. Many princes and kings of Tlemcen have contributed to this mausoleum since his demise. Many monuments, a good number of them still well preserved, were built in his honor next to his tomb by the Marinid kings, who controlled Tlemcen in the 14th century. One such monument is the Mosque of Madrasa. His tomb became the center of fine architecture and is still a place of pilgrimage for many Sufis today.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Abu Madyan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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